Epidemic trend of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in mainland China / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#In order to master the epidemic trend of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and evaluate the effect of prevention and control, we evaluate the epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 in mainland China, Hubei province, Wuhan city and other provinces outside Hubei from January 16 to February 14, 2020.@*Methods@#We collected the daily number of new confirmed COVID-19 cases by nucleic acid detection reported by the National Health Commission from January 16, 2020 to February 14, 2020. The analysis includes the epidemic curve of the new confirmed cases, multiple of the new confirmed cases for period-over-period, multiple of the new confirmed cases for fixed-base, and the period-over-period growth rate of the new confirmed cases.@*Results@#From January 16 to February 14, 2020, the cumulative number of new confirmed cases of COVID-19 in mainland China was 50 031, including 37 930 in Hubei province, 22 883 in Wuhan city and 12 101 in other provinces outside Hubei. The peak of the number of new confirmed cases in other provinces outside Hubei was from January 31 to February 4, 2020, and the peak of new confirmed cases in Wuhan city and Hubei province was from February 5 to February 9, 2020. The number of new confirmed cases in other provinces outside Hubei showed a significant decline (23% compared with the peak) from February 5 to February 9, 2020, while the number of new confirmed cases in Wuhan city (30% compared with the peak) and Hubei Province (37% compared with the peak) decreased significantly from February 10 to February 14, 2020.@*Conclusion@#The epidemic prevention and control measures taken by the state and governments at all levels have shown very significant effects, effectively curbing the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic in China.

Comparative genomic analysis of Salmonella type Ⅲsecreted candidate gene yiiG / 基础医学与临床

Objective To study the distribution and evolution of yiiG, a Salmonella gene encoding a candidate type secretedsubstrate .Methods Salmonella genomes were comprehensively screened for yiiG distribution with se-quence alignment strategies .The evolutionary history of yiiG was traced .Comparative genomic analysis was per-formed to study the evolutionary mechanisms of yiiG gene acquisition , loss and duplication .RNA-seq data were combined to analyzing the correlation between yiiG and other virulence factors .A variety of bioinformatic tools were used for discovering the possible type Ⅲsecretion signals .Results yiiG distributed in S.enterica subsp.enterica but variable in other subspecies of S.enterica.No yiiG was found in S.bongori.Besides Salmonella, only a part of Shigella and E.coli strains were detected with yiiG homologs .The genomic locus of yiiG and its adjacency showed conservation among all Salmonella, E.coli and Shigella strains.In most of the serovars of S.enterica subsp.enteri-ca, there was a head-to-head tandem whole yiiG repeat sequence upstream the yiiG gene, which was renamed as yiiGRrc.RNA-seq analysis showed that yiiG gene expression level was highly correlated with T 3SS-related genes . Bioinformatic prediction also indicated the T 3SS effector signals in YiiG N-terminus.Conclusions yiiG represented an ancient genomic locus , which will be a hot spot where rearrangement events frequently happened .The function of yiiG could potentially be related with Salmonella virulence.Finally, a new protein-encoding gene (yiiGRrc) was newly identified that was closely related with yiiG, providing the target for further understanding the composition , function and function variation of yiiG gene family .

A method to predict clustered repeats in Salmonella genomes / 基础医学与临床

Objective To develop a simple method identifying and illustrating clustered repeats in bacterial ge-nomes, and to observe the patterns of clustered repeats in Salmonella genomes.Methods Bacterial genomes were cut to be overlapped pieces of identical size with a sliding window strategy .Each piece of genome fragment was aligned against itself with BLAT integrated in PipMaker , which was further used to build collinearity figures . Collinearity figures were analyzed to identify the clustered repeats.Results With the new pipeline CRpred ( Clustered Repeat Predicter) , Salmonella typhimurium LT2 genome was screened, and in 151 clustered repeats were disclosed.Pattern analysis on these repeats indicated that there were five categories, including low-copy simple tandem repeats, high-copy simple tandem repeats, interspaced tandem repeats, reverse-complementary re-peats, and interspaced reverse-complementary repeats.Nine repeat regions in LT2 genome were discovered which could not be simply classified into the 5 categories defined above.Conclusions A new, simple and intuitive strategy is proposed to identify and show clustered repeats in genomes , providing clues for CRISPR , VNTR and oth-er repeat-related studies .

Association and effects of gene-gene interactions between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and pulse pressure / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the association between ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and pulse pressure (PP) as well as the relationships between gene-gene interaction between PPARα/δ/γ genes and PP.Methods A total of 820 subjects,with 550 females and 270 males,were recruited from a cohort study of “Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome and Multi-metabolic Disorders in Jiangsu Province of China Study (PMMJS)”.Ten SNPs of PPARα/δ/γ genes were selected.GMDR software (version 1.0.1) was used to evaluate the gene-gene interactions among PPARs SNPs associated with PP.Results The mean levels of PP in people with mutant genotype of rs1805192 in PPARγ genes (PA+AA) showed a significant increase by 1.341 mmHg (95％CI:0.431-2.252 mmHg) when compared to the persons with wild genotype (PP).In the subgroup of subjects with more than 30 mmHg levels of PP,a six-locus model comprised rs135539 of PPARα,rs2016520 of PPARδ,rs10865710,rs1805192,rs709158 and rs3856806 of PPARγshowed a highest level of prediction accuracy (0.577) and displayed a better cross-validation consistency (10/10).In the subgroup of subjects with less than 40 mmHg levels of PP,a two-locus model was statistically associated with PP with 0.628 of prediction accuracy and 10/10 of cross-validation consistency.Conclusion PPARγrs1805192 was associated with the occurrence of PP.Gene-gene interactions among rs135539 of PPARα,rs2016520 of PPARδ,rs10865710,rs1805192,rs709158 and rs3856806 of PPARγ were all significantly related to PP.

Association and effects of gene-gene interactions between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and pulse pressure / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the association between ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and pulse pressure (PP) as well as the relationships between gene-gene interaction between PPARα/δ/γ genes and PP.Methods A total of 820 subjects,with 550 females and 270 males,were recruited from a cohort study of “Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome and Multi-metabolic Disorders in Jiangsu Province of China Study (PMMJS)”.Ten SNPs of PPARα/δ/γ genes were selected.GMDR software (version 1.0.1) was used to evaluate the gene-gene interactions among PPARs SNPs associated with PP.Results The mean levels of PP in people with mutant genotype of rs1805192 in PPARγ genes (PA+AA) showed a significant increase by 1.341 mmHg (95％CI:0.431-2.252 mmHg) when compared to the persons with wild genotype (PP).In the subgroup of subjects with more than 30 mmHg levels of PP,a six-locus model comprised rs135539 of PPARα,rs2016520 of PPARδ,rs10865710,rs1805192,rs709158 and rs3856806 of PPARγshowed a highest level of prediction accuracy (0.577) and displayed a better cross-validation consistency (10/10).In the subgroup of subjects with less than 40 mmHg levels of PP,a two-locus model was statistically associated with PP with 0.628 of prediction accuracy and 10/10 of cross-validation consistency.Conclusion PPARγrs1805192 was associated with the occurrence of PP.Gene-gene interactions among rs135539 of PPARα,rs2016520 of PPARδ,rs10865710,rs1805192,rs709158 and rs3856806 of PPARγ were all significantly related to PP.

Impact of dynamic changes of waist circumference and body mass index on type 2 diabetes mellitus risk / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the impact of dynamic change of waist circumference or body mass index (BMI) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) populations in a cohort study.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We not only obtained the baseline survey data from program 'Prevention of Multiple Metabolic Disorders and metabolic syndrome (MS) in Jiangsu Province'(PMMJS) which started in 1994, and we conducted twice follow-ups from January 2002 to August 2003, and March 2006 to November 2007. After excluding subjects who were found to have T2DM at baseline, cardiovascular disease(CVD), and BMI<18.5 kg/m(2) , and loss to follow up because of relocation, death or other reasons, a total of 3 461 subjects were included in this analysis. They received investigation including questionnaires investigation, measurement and laboratory examination. The differences of gender, smoking, alcohol drinking and T2DM family history in different groups were examined using χ(2)-test, median and inter-quartile range were calculated for TG, and they were examined by rank test. Four equal parts of the differences of waist circumference and BMI were carried out in the COX regression model, to investigate the association between 2 years change of waist circumference or BMI and incidence of T2DM. We also examined the association between BMI and waist circumference modification and incident risk of T2DM in subjects with normal baseline BMI, baseline obese subjects, subjects with normal baseline waist circumference and baseline abdominal obese subjects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 3 461 participants (1 406 males, 2 055 females) were investigated, including 160 new T2DM cases (60 males, 100 females) who were from between baseline and the second following up. The accumulative incidence was 4.6% (60/3 461). Multivariate COX regression model analysis results showed that the T2DM risk was relatively high in the highest quartile of waist circumference D-value group(HR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.27-3.16), the T2DM risk was also high in the highest quartile of BMI D-value group (HR=1.30, 95% CI: 0.86-1.95). In subjects with abdominal obesity and normal waist circumference at baseline, the incidence rate of T2DM in non-control group was 7.1% (40/565) , 6.3% (45/645), higher than that in control group (3.4%(71/2 096), 4.5%(4/155)) (χ(2) values were 3.98 and 15.18, P values were 0.043 and <0.001). In subjects with normal waist circumference, T2DM risk was higher in non-control group than that in control group (HR=2.12, 95% CI: 1.40-3.22). In abdominal obese subjects, T2DM risk was also higher in non-control group than that in control group (HR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.04-1.92). If waist circumference was not controlled, T2DM risk was high, no matter BMI controlled or not (HR(95% CI) were 1.73(1.17-2.54), 2.45(1.63-3.69) respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Controlling the waistline could reduce the risk of diabetes, and once waist circumference was not controlled, T2DM risk would be increased no matter BMI was controlled or not.</p>

Association between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and gene-gene interactions with the apolipoprotein A I/apolipoprotein B100 ratio / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα, β, γ) with apolipoprotein A I/apolipoprotein B100 (ApoA I/ApoB100) ratio and the additional role of a gene-gene interactions among the 10 SNPs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Participants were recruited under the framework of the Prevention of Multiple Metabolic Disorders and Metabolic Syndrome in Jiangsu Province (PMMJS) cohort population survey in the urban community of Jiangsu province of China.A total of 630 subjects were randomly selected and no individual was related.Ten SNPs (rs135539, rs4253778, rs1800206, rs2016520, rs9794, rs10865710, rs1805192, rs709158, rs3856806 and rs4684847) were selected from the HapMap database,which covered PPARα, PPARβ and PPARγ. A linear regression model was used to analyze the relations between ten SNPs in the PPARs and ApoA I/ApoB100 ratio level. Mean difference and 95% CI were calculated. Interactions were explored by using the method of Generalized Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (GMDR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, alcohol consumption, occupational physical activity, high-fat diet as well as low-fiber diet, both rs1800206 and rs3856806 were significantly associated with a decreased level of ApoA I/ApoB100 ratio, mean difference (95% CI) values were -1.19 (-1.88 to -0.50) and -0.77 (-1.40 to -0.14). Whereas rs4253778 was significantly associated with an increased level of ApoA I/ApoB100 ratio, Mean difference (95% CI) values was 0.80 (0.08 to 1.52). GMDR analysis showed a significant gene-gene interaction among rs4253778, rs1800206 of PPARα, rs9794, rs2016520 of PPARβ and rs10865710, rs3856806, rs709158, rs1805192 of PPARγ for eight-dimension models (P = 0.01), in which prediction accuracy was 0.624 and cross-validation consistency was 7/10.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The rs1800206 of PPARα and rs3856806 of PPARγ are significantly associated with a decreased level of ApoA I/ApoB100 ratio while rs4253778 of PPARα is associated with an increased level of ApoA I/ApoB100 ratio. There is a gene-gene interaction between multiple SNPs.</p>

The impact of interaction between alcohol consumption and obesity on incident hypertension / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the combined effects of alcohol consumption and obesity hypertension risk.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on data from program "Prevention of multiple metabolic disorders and metabolic syndrome in Jiangsu province", Baseline data were obtained in April 1999 to Jun 2004, we conducted the follow up investigation from March 2006 to October 2007 for subjects, those follow up time meet 5 years. A total of 4 083 participants completed the follow-up survey, and 2 778 eligible participants for final analysis. In the baseline and follow up survey, participants returned a completed questionnaire with information on diet, education, occupation, lifestyle factors, and medical history. Data on demographic characteristics, physical examination and laboratory tests were also obtained. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist to height ratio (WHtR). Logistic regression model was used to examine the interaction of alcohol consumption with WC, BMI and WHtR on risk of hypertension and the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and the synergy index (SI) were calculated. If the 95% CI of SI do not include 1, the 95% CI of RERI and AP do not include 0, the interactions are statistically significant.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the study subjects, 660 patients (254 males and 406 females) were new cases, who developed hypertension by the follow-up investigation. The mean of WC, BMI and WHtR were (23.3 ± 3.2) kg/m(2), (77.7 ± 9.0) cm and 0.49 ± 0.06, were higher than that in normal subjects ((22.4 ± 3.0) kg/m², (74.8 ± 8.5) cm and 0.47 ± 0.05, all P values < 0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, family history of hypertension, the hazard ratio of EH for participants with obesity, high WC, high WHtR and alcohol consumption were higher, the HR (95% CI) were 2.12 (1.46-3.10), 1.64 (1.32-2.03), 2.80 (1.73-4.59) and 1.65 (1.29-2.12). HR (95% CI) of subjects with both abnormal BMI and current alcohol consumption was 2.76 (2.45-3.17), SI (95% CI) was 1.60 (0.48-5.28), RERI(95%CI) was 0.66 (-0.47-1.79) and AP was 0.24 (-0.22-0.69), HR (95% CI) of subjects with both high WC and current alcohol consumption was 4.93 (2.87-8.49), SI(95% CI) was 4.49(1.97-10.22), RERI (95%CI) was 3.06 (0.48-5.64) and AP(95% CI) was 0.62 (0.41-0.83), HR (95% CI) of subjects with both high WHtR and current alcohol consumption was 2.80 (1.73-4.59), SI (95% CI) was 2.14 (0.88-5.17), RERI was 0.96 (0.48-5.64) and AP (95% CI) was 0.34 (0.03-0.68).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both obesity, high WC, high WHtR, and alcohol consumption were strong risk factors of EH, and impact of an additive interaction of alcohol consumption and high WC on EH risk existed.</p>

Association and interaction between 10 SNP of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and non-HDL-C / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the main effect of 10 Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) SNP in contribution to non-HDL-C and study whether there is an interaction in the 10 SNPs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Participants were recruited within the framework of the PMMJS (Prevention of Multiple Metabolic Disorders and Metabolic Syndrome in Jiangsu province) cohort-population-survey, which was initiated from April 1999 to June 2004, and 5-year follow-up data from total 4 582 subjects were obtained between March 2006 and October 2007. A total of 4 083 participants received follow-up examination. After excluding subjects who had experienced stroke or exhibited cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes or a BMI <18.5 kg/m(2), a total of 820 unrelated individual subjects were selected from 3 731 subjects on October of 2009. Blood samples which were collected at the baseline were subjected to PPARα, PPARδ and PPARγ 10 SNPs genotype analysis. Logistic regression model was used to examine the association between 10 SNPs in the PPARs and non-HDL-C. Interactions within the 10 SNP were explored by using the Generalized Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (GMDR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 820 participants (mean age was 50.05±9.41) were included in the study and 270 were males and 550 were females. Single-locus analysis showed that after adjusting gender, age, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, high-fat diet and low-fiber diet factors, rs1800206-V and rs3856806-T were significantly associated with higher non-HDL-C levels. V allele (LV + VV genotype) carriers of rs1800206 have a average non-HDL-C levels on (3.15 ± 0.89)mg/L (F = 15.01, P = 0.002); T allele (CT+TT genotype) carriers of rs3856806 have a average non-HDL-C levels on (3.03±1.01) mg/L (F = 9.87, P = 0.005). GMDR model analysis showed that after adjusting the same factors, two-locus model, five-locus model, six-locus model and seven-order interaction models were all statistically significant (P<0.05), and the seven-locus model (rs1800206, rs3856806, rs135539, rs4253778, rs2016520, rs1805192, rs709158) was the best model (P = 0.001), the cross-validation consistency was 10/10 and testing accuracy was 0.656.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rs1800206 and rs3856806 were significantly associated with non-HDL-C. And there was an gene-gene interaction among rs1800206, rs3856806, rs1800206, rs135539, rs4253778, rs2016520, rs1805192, rs3856806 and rs709158 which could influence the non-HDL-C levels.</p>

Association between polymorphisms, haplotypes of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor α gene and the level of lipoprotein (a) / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the association between three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α gene and the level of lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)].Methods Participants were recruited under the framework of a cohort populations survey from the PMMJS (Prevention of Multiple Metabolic Disorders and MS in Jiangsu Province) which was conducted in the urban community of Jiangsu province from 1999 to 2007.644 subjects (234 males,410 females) were randomly selected and genotyped for three polymorphisms which were used as genetic marker for PPARα gene (rs 1800206,rs4253778 and rs135539).Data related to individual polymorphism and haplotype were available for analysis.x2 test was used to determine if the whole population was in Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium.Linear regression models were used to analyze the association between SNPs in PPARα gene and the level of Lp(a).Associations between PPARα haplotypes and serum Lp(a) levels were analyzed by the SNPstats software.Results In the dominant model,after factors as sex,age,smoking,alcohol and BMI were adjusted,the presence of the V162 allele of L162V appeared associated with a high level of Lp(a) (mean difference was 57.70 mg/L(95％CI:32.03-83.37 mg/L),P＜0.001.Data from the haplotype analysis revealed that A-G-V and C-G-V haplotype (established by 1A＞C,7G＞C L162V) were significantly associated with a higher level of Lp(a) (P=0.012 0 and 0.009 7).Conclusion Results from our study might help to clarify the role ofPPARα gene in regulation of Lp (a) and the evaluation of its polymorphisms and haplotypes which were characterized as genetic factors for Lp (a).

Comparison of the suitability of 2 years change in waist circumference and body mass index in predicting hypertension risk: a prospective study in Chinese-Han

Currently, obesity has become a worldwide health problem and yet little is known about the impact of changes in obesity indicator on incident hypertension. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of changes in the WC and BMI on incident hypertension in a cohort population. After a baseline investigation, we conducted the first and the second follow-up assessments for subjects after 2 and 5 years, respectively. The associations between the changes in the WC and BMI [measured as the D-value, i.e., the value at the first follow-up minus the value at baseline] and the hazard ratio [HR] of incident hypertension were analyzed with a multilevel Cox proportional hazards regression model. Among 2778 participants without hypertension, 660 developed hypertension between the first and the second follow-up assessments. When both the BMI and WC D-values were included in the regression model, the WC D-value was a predictor of hypertension incidence in both sexes [OR= 1.03 and P values < 0.05 for men and women], but the BMI D-value was no longer a predictor of hypertension incidence in either sex [OR=1.04 for men and 1.01 for women, both P values >0.05]. In both sexes, hypertension risk was higher for subjects whose BMI was modified but WC was categorically increasing than for subjects whose WC and BMI were both modified. Both WC and BMI changes were associated with hypertension, but a change in the WC was a better predictor of the hypertension

Predictive power for type 2 diabetes mellitus using dynamic change of metabolic syndrome, dynamic change of fasting plasma glucose, metabolic syndrome and fasting plasma glucose

The aim was to compare the predictive power for Type 2 Diabetes mellitus [T2DM] using dynamic change [Difference] of metabolic syndrome [MS], Difference of fasting plasma glucose [FPG], baseline MS and FPG in cohort study. Overall, 3461 subjects were recruited from Prevention of Multiple Metabolic disorders and MS in Jiangsu of China Study with 3.8 years follow-up. Cox proportional-hazards regression and receiver operating characteristic were used to evaluate the predictive power for T2DM using Difference MS, Difference of FPG, baseline MS and FPG. Adjusted relative risk [[a]RR 5.24, 95% CI 4.28-6.42] of Difference of FPG to T2DM was highest than other. Difference of FPG owns the largest AUC [0.89, P<0.05], the highest sensitivity [96.25%] and specificity [80.49%] demonstrating that Difference of FPG can provide strongest predictive information to T2DM, Difference of MS comes second. Between FPG related tools, sensitivity of Difference of FPG almost was twice than baseline FPG[96.25% vs. 54.38%] suggesting that using baseline FPG would missed found 46% T2DM patients. Among MS related indicators, sensitivity of Difference of MS almost was twice than baseline MS [sensitivity 66.25% vs. 39.38%] suggesting that using baseline would missed found 61% T2DM patients. Dynamic change of FPG had the highest predictive power for T2DM in Chinese than Dynamic Change of MS, baseline MS and FPG

Gene-gene interactions among Ppar alpha/delta/gamma polymorphisms for apolipoprotein [Apo] A-I/ apob ratio in Chinese han population

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors [PPARs] -alpha, -delta/beta and -gamma are the ligand-activated tran-scription factors involved in the regulation of fatty acid and lipoprotein metabolism, energy balance, cell proliferation and differentiation and atherosclerosis, etc. We investigated the associations of 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] in PPARs with apolipoprotein [apo] A-I/ apoB ratio in Chinese Han population. Overall, 630 subjects [212 males, 418 females] were randomly selected from the Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome and Multiple Metabolic Disorders in Jiangsu Province of China Study Cohort. Population analyzed was as the general population which involved healthy people and individuals with disorders of apoA-I or apoB. 10 SNPs [rs1800206, rs135539, rs4253778, rs2016520, rs9794, rs10865710, rs1805192, rs709158, rs3856806 and rs4684847] were genotyped. Mean difference [Difference] and 95% confident interval [95%CI] were calculated. After covariates adjustment, rs1800206-V allele [LV+VV] and rs3856806-T allele [CT+TT] were significantly associated with a decreased apoA-I/ apoB ratio than those wild type carriers, Difference [95%CI] were -1.29[-1.96 tilde -0.62]and -0.8 [-1.42 tilde -0.17], respectively. Rs4253778-C allele was significantly associated with an increased apoA-I/ apoB ratio compared to the wild type carriers [GG], Difference [95%CI] was 0.76 [0.04 tilde 1.48]. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis showed that three-to-eight-locus models were significant with apoA-I/ apoB ratio [P<0.05]. We chose the seven-locus model [P=0.0010] as the best GMDR model [cross-validation consistency was 7/10 and testing accuracy was 62.97%]. Our data provided the evidence that PPARs polymorphisms might be involved in regulation of apoA-I/ apoB ratio in independently and/or in an interactive manner

A comparative study of incidence and prevalence of Crohn's disease in mainland China in different periods / 中华内科杂志

Objective To collect data and analyze the current status and prevalence changes of Crohn's disease (CD) in mainland China in recent decades. Methods A computer-based literature search was previously performed by using 50-year (1950 to 2002) of records of CD from the Chinese Database of Biology and Medicine (CBM) (1979 to 2002) and a manual year-by-year search of the literature ( 1950 to 1978). Using similar method, descriptive epidemiological data from 2003 to 2007 were collected, analyzed and compared with previous research. Results Four hundred and seventeen relevant papers during 2003 and 2007 were collected and 62 papers were eligible for inclusion. Within 62 papers, a total of 2149 cases with CD from 2003 to 2007 have been reported nationwide, comprising 1288 male and 861 female patients, result (ie,1526 cases from 1950-2002). There were no obvious changes in incidence age (younger and middle age were main components) and sex ratio ( number of male was still larger than that of female). The extrapolated CD incidence and prevalence rates were 1.21/100 000 person ? year and 2.29/100 000, respectively, which were higher than that of year 1950-2002, 0.28/100 000 person ? year and 1.38/ 100 000, respectively. Conclusions The incidence and prevalence rates of CD have been increasing rapidly, but these rates are still lower than those in Western world.

Cervical lateral mass plate fixation for treatment of fracture and dislocation of the lower cervical spine / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To evaluate the application of cervical lateral mass plate fixation in the treatment of fracture and dislocation of lower cervical spine. Methods From February 2001 to June 2003, 21 cases of lower cervical spine injury were treated by cervical lateral mass plating fixation, received spinal decompression and reduction according to the types of fracture and dislocation. A cervical lateral mass plate was applied in each lateral mass. The screw prick point was defined at 1-2 mm inner and lower to the mass center. The sagital angle, horizontal angle of internal fixation screw were 45 degrees and 25-30 degree respectively. Results The follow up ranged from nine months to two years and nine months (mean 13 months). All cases were encouraged to sit up, wearing soft collar 4-7 days after the surgery. The mean off-bed time of those cases without spinal cord injuries less than Frankel C grade were seven days (4-14 days) after operation. All cases obtained solid bony fusion 4-6 months postoperatively. Sixteen cases with spinal cord injury improved for one grade according to American Spinal Injury Association. Three cases with nerve root injury obtained complete recovery after operation. There was no severe complication such as vertebral artery nerve root or spinal cord injuries or aggravation of spinal cord injury. One case had uneven reduction and two suffered screw loosening. Conclusion Cervical lateral mass plate fixation is an efficient and reliable technique for segmental posterior fixation, for it has the advantages of wide indication, relatively simple and safe operating as well as strong stability.

Surgical treatment of acetabular fractures / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of surgical treatment of acetabular fractures. Methods From June 1995 to December 2000, 62 cases of acetabular fracture with dislocation were treated with open reduction and internal fixation. There were 13 cases with fractures of the posterior wall, two with posterior column fractures, three with anterior column fractures, five with transverse fractures, 15 with transverse and posterior wall fractures, three with posterior column and wall fractures, five with T-shaped fractures, four with anterior and hemi-transverse fractures and 12 with fractures of both column. Kocher-Langenbeck (K-L) approach was applied in 37 cases, ilioinguinal approach in 12, extended iliofemoral approach in four, iliofemoral approach in two, and combined approaches (K-L+ilio-inguinal) in seven. Results Anatomic reduction was done in 37 cases, with satisfactory results in 17 and unsatisfactory results in eight. Reduction for joint vallatae was performed in four cases. The follow-up was 1-5 years (average 2.7 years). The total excellence rate of clinical results was 71% (44/62), with excellence rate in anatomic and non-anatomic reduction groups for 89% (33/37) and 44% (11/25), respectively, with a very significant difference (?2=22.89, P

Radiation encephalopathy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in mainland China: a systematic evaluation / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical characteristics of radiation encephalopathy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients of mainland China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the principle of systematic review, the search for literature in computerized Chinese Biology & Medicine database, 1979 to June 2001 (CBM) was performed, with the papers appraised according to conformation criteria, the methodological quality of the studies analyzed, and clinical data of patients processed using the statistical model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>553 cases accumulated from 18 identified articles submitted by 16 hospitals in China were analyzed. The mean incidence of encephalopathy diagnosed by CT or MRI was 1.9% (0.4% - 2.6%). The disease focus was located in the temporal lobe (80%) and in the brain stem (17%). The mean dose received in the first course of radiotherapy to the nasopharynx or skull base was 72.9 Gy, and the latent period of this disease was 3.6 years.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The probability of encephalopathy after radiation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in mainland China is reported in this review. Multi-center case-control or Cohort studies are required in the future.</p>

The effects of PHT,CT,Calcium and phospho- rus during the anesthesia and operative stress / 中华麻醉学杂志

The changes of parathyroid hormone (PTH),calcitonin(CT)of three different anesthesia methods were observed perioperatively in 38 patients who were divided into two age groups (22 ~ 50 and 51 ~ 60). Postoperative serum Ca, P levels decreased as compared with preoperative values,espe.cially in the old. age groups with no statistic significance. These results indicate that during anesthesia and operative stress the CDS is inhibited and the regulation of the autonomic nervous system is affected, with obscure the relationship between parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and Ca, P with the alteration of Ca,P metabolism. Serum Ca may increase to the baseline by supplement of calcium gluconate during and after operation, but the operation after 4 ~ 5 days, serum Ca may also return to normal without any intervention.

EVALUATION ON DIAGNOSTIC METHODS FOR SCHISTOSOMIASIS / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

In the work of control of schistosomiasis. the correct diagnosis is the basis for selecting appropriate control measures. This paper introduces the evaluation, contribution and the practice of combined diagnostic tests of schistosomiasis.